Talking about the function and classification of automobile braking system

The automobile braking system plays a vital role in the safe driving of the automobile. The electronic control of the braking system greatly improves the active safety of the automobile. For automobile products, automobile braking system is closely related to personal safety and economic benefits. At present, the automobile braking system has been widely used in automobile design, but there are many kinds of braking systems used in automobiles. In this paper, I will introduce the function and classification of automobile braking system.
1、 The function of automobile brake system
The function of the vehicle braking system is to make the driving vehicle decelerate or even stop according to the driver's requirements; Make the stopped car park stably under various road conditions (including on the ramp); Keep the speed of the car running downhill stable.
The external forces acting on the vehicle and in the direction opposite to the driving direction can only brake the vehicle, and the magnitude of these external forces is random and uncontrollable. Therefore, a series of special devices must be installed on the vehicle to achieve the above functions.
The automobile braking system refers to the special braking mechanism installed on the automobile for the purpose of technically ensuring the safe driving of the automobile and improving the average praising speed of the automobile. Generally speaking, the automobile braking system includes two independent devices, the service braking device and the parking braking device. The service brake device is operated by the driver's foot, so it is also called the foot brake device. The parking brake device is manually operated by the driver, so it is also called the hand brake device.
The function of the service braking device is to slow down or stop the vehicle in the shortest distance. The function of the parking brake device is to keep the car that has been parked on various roads still. However, sometimes in an emergency, the two braking devices can be used at the same time to increase the effect of vehicle braking. For some special-purpose vehicles and vehicles often driving in mountainous areas, long-term and frequent braking will lead to overheating of the service braking device. Therefore, various types of auxiliary braking devices are often added to these vehicles in order to stabilize the speed when going downhill.
According to the braking energy, the braking system can also be divided into three types: manual braking system, power braking system, and servo braking system. The manual braking system uses the physical strength of the driver as the braking energy; The power braking system uses the air pressure or hydraulic pressure converted by the engine power as the braking energy; The servo braking system uses both manpower and engine power as braking energy. In addition, according to the transmission mode of braking energy, the braking system can be divided into mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic types.
In various automobile braking systems, the brake is the component in the automobile braking system that is used to generate the force to prevent the vehicle from moving or moving. At present, the brakes used by all kinds of cars are friction brakes, that is, the braking torque that prevents the car from moving comes from the friction between the fixed components and the rotating working surface.
2、 Type classification of automobile braking system
1. Drum brake
Drum brake is a traditional brake system. Its working principle can be vividly described by a coffee cup. The brake drum is like a coffee cup. When you put five fingers into a rotating coffee cup, the fingers are the brake pads. As long as you put five fingers outward and rub the inner wall of the coffee cup, the coffee cup will stop rotating. The drum brake on the car is simply composed of brake oil pump, piston brake pad and drum chamber, When braking, the piston is pushed by the high-pressure brake oil of the brake wheel cylinder to exert force on the two half-moon-shaped brake shoes to make them compact the inner wall of the drum, and the brake drum is prevented from rotating by friction to achieve braking effect.
2. Disc brake
Similarly, the working principle of the disc brake can be described as a disc. When you hold the rotating disc with your thumb and forefinger, the disc will also stop rotating. The disc brake on the car is composed of the brake oil pump, a brake disc connected to the wheel and the brake caliper on the disc. When braking, the high-pressure brake oil pushes the piston in the caliper and presses the brake shoe against the brake disc to produce braking effect.
Disc brake disc brake is sometimes called disc brake. It is divided into ordinary disc brake and ventilated disc brake.
Ventilated disc brake is to reserve a gap between two brake discs to allow air flow to pass through the gap. Some ventilation discs also drill many circular ventilation holes on the disc surface, or cut ventilation slots or prefabricated rectangular ventilation holes on the disc surface. Ventilated disc brake uses air flow, and its cooling and heating effects are better than ordinary disc brake. The main advantage of disc brake is that it can brake rapidly when braking at high speed, and its heat dissipation effect is better than that of drum brake. Its braking efficiency is good, and it is easy to install advanced electronic equipment such as ABS. The main advantage of drum brake is that the brake shoe is less worn, the cost is lower, and it is easy to maintain. Because the absolute braking force of drum brake is much higher than that of disc brake, it is widely used in rear-wheel drive trucks
3. Disc brake
In recent years, the vehicle speed has been increasing, and the total weight of trucks and buses has been increasing. In addition, the center of gravity of passenger cars is generally lowered and the tyres with small diameter and wide section are widely used, which limits the installation position of brakes. Therefore, the use of disc brakes with good braking thermal stability on heavy trucks and passenger cars is increasing. The disc brake can be divided into caliper disc brake and full disc brake.
epilogue
Since the birth of the automobile, the automobile brake system has played a vital role in the automobile safety. The automobile braking system is vital to our lives. Accidents caused by braking problems are common in daily driving. Understanding the function and classification of the braking system is conducive to the detection and troubleshooting of the vehicle braking system, so as to ensure the safe driving of the vehicle.